Construction Industry Is Ripe For Changes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2436 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: Innovation Essay Did you like this example? It is a truth ubiquitously attested-to from all engaging in the relevant research pertinent to the topic of this report that the construction industry is ripe for change. Actually, it would be more accurate to say that it is ready for revolution. Construction alone, seemingly, as opposed to nearly any other industry that one could think of it the industrialized and digitized West, has been able to operate in a manner much less than conducive for contemporary business. It is remarkable to consider how unlike other industries construction really is in its current operations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Construction Industry Is Ripe For Changes" essay for you Create order Whether one considers any major industry today, they will all be unlike the construction industry in a very important way. For example, consider general or specified retail, the development and manufacturing of computer hardware or software, the service industries of law or medicine, or any other major industry, and one readily sees that they all frequently engage in innovation as it is proper to the irrespective industries and they certainly employ the important business tactic known benchmarking. However, with regard to construction, the voices are unanimous in their consent that for some reason or another this particular industry has been slow to innovate and aggressively improve itself in a world where every other company or industry seems to do this very thing. A Brief Survey of Recent Projects Designed to Address the Problem It would seem that it is widely acknowledged these days that innovation in construction is long overdue. For a number of years Purdue University has maintained a website concerned with presenting concepts of Emerging Construction Technologies. The Division of Construction Engineering and Management of Purdue University, specifically, has been the collaborative to spearhead this project. Additionally, there is a Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Engineering at Loughborough University, which maintains a website for discussing issues pertinent to the construction industry in the U.K. specifically and also just generally. The University recently launched a project to extend from April, 2004 to March, 2007, which would explore the reasons why there is not a strong culture of Research, Innovation and Development (RID) within the constructions industry. There is also a Construction Innovation Forum (CIF), which annually tries to award various individuals for excellent long- range achievements in innovation in construction. It remains to be explored in the remainder of this essay just which are the most important ways in which the industry of construction, and the related industries of surveying and property, have not yet innovated, though perhaps they should have. It is now appropriate to explore some concepts with which we will be working throughout the essay, and these are the concepts of innovation and benchmarking. Discussion of Innovation In2003 Kristian Widà ©n wrote an important article addressing the general issue of innovation within the construction industry and explored why the industry had done so poorly in enacting innovation. It was necessary for Widà ©n, as it is here, to begin by discussing the nature of innovation. Widà ©n offers several definitions from a number of sources and notes at the end of the section on defining innovation that the one thing all the various definitions have in common is that in innovation something new is created, a product or a process, and put to use. There is also an attending reason why any company anywhere would ever attempt to be innovative it would be for the good of the company. This perceived good by the company will either be for an increase in competitiveness with rival companies or for, what Widà ©n calls a survival strategy. Accordingly, if there is no perceived reason why a given construction company should attempt to be innovative, it is likely that no attempt at innovation will take place, given the fact that innovation always costs and usually costs in terms of time and money. Widà ©n notes that historically, with respect to other industries, it has been the clients themselves who imposed the necessity of proper motivation for industries to innovate. If the client did not require it, in short, it would often be the case that no innovation would take place. Again, there is a sense of necessity here. If the companies within the industry (e.g., in construction) are feeling no need to innovate from the client (i.e., there is no pressure exerted on the companies to innovate), then the status quo will be maintained indefinitely. This is not because there is no innovation taking place within the acts of the construction industry themselves. Certainly, the very nature of construction is such that it requires with each new project some manner of innovation. There are invariably unaccounted-for problems and obstacles that ar ise with each new project, thereby requiring of the industry to be to some extent innovative in dealing with new and unexpected obstacles to production. Also, Widà ©n says, there is a constant tendency within the industry toward inappropriate forms of co-operation on presumably all levels, not the least of which are the various time and spatial conflicts that arise with sub-contractors and the re-scheduling involved in the given project (again, when the unforeseen things occur). A further note that Widà ©n makes is that whatever innovations do occur on an individual project, they are often not carried over into subsequent projects. The innovations of construction are, perhaps peculiarly, reversible, and not irreversible as in some other industries. Benchmarking Within Industries and Its Practical Effects One aspect of this reversibility of innovations is somewhat connected to the concept of benchmarking in business. At this point, it is necessary to consider just what benchmarking is, as it relates to industries and capitalism. Benchmarking as a concept might be best thought of as that vehicle that moves companies in the same industries forward and in roughly the same technological directions. According to the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language benchmarking as a transitive verb is defined in this way, to measure (a rivals product) according to specified standards in order to compare it with and improve ones own product. This definition places the concept of benchmarking squarely within the realm of capitalism as one company adapts to the advancements/improvements that rival companies in the same industry are making while still more or less observing the norms of the industry in which the company finds itself. That is, the extant standards within the indus try in question are used to measure a rivals product and to compare it with ones own current product and to make the recommended adjustments to ones own products or service in order to increase competitiveness. Although the definition does not explicitly state this, it would seem to be implied by the norms of capitalistic economies as they are found today that benchmarking occurs in the provision of products or services. There are practical effects that occur in capitalist economies when benchmarking occurs, especially in the realm of goods which are offered to the public. Let us consider a brief example as regards cellular telephones. Originally, a cellular phone was much like a cordless phone from the home with the exception of being able to have a much broader range of signal. A particular feature of both types of telephones at the time of the advent of the cellular phone was the Caller ID feature. It was possible in the late 1990sto add this feature for an extra charge t o ones service enabling an individual to see from what number the call was coming. The first few large-scale cellular providers began to make it an industry standard for cellular phone to have this feature and then the rest of the cellular providers followed suit, such that today it would be practically unheard of to begin a new cellular service with any U.S. company and not expect the Caller ID feature to be standard with the service. This was an example of benchmarking within a specific industry. An example in construction could be that universally nowadays in commercial construction framing crews use nail guns with which to frame as opposed to the common method of only twenty years ago (which was the simple hammering in of loose nails). Today it would be practically unheard of for a commercial construction framing crew to not use the nail guns in their framing. Benchmarking begins, then, as an attempt to be competitive in recognizing a smart innovation by ones rival c ompanies, but it ends by being a type of standardization of technology where every company adopts certain innovations as part and parcel to the industry in question. So, the levied charge against construction here is not that sustained innovation does not take place in the industry. It is simply that it is too infrequent and too slow to happen. Attempts to Address the Lack of Innovation in Construction et al Recent efforts to address the problems seemingly inherent in todays construction industry have focused on a number of lines. First, there are attempts that take into account the fact that there is a lack of specificity and/or good communication involved in client/contractor projects. Second, there have been recent attempts at reworking the construction at a fundamental level. One such of these attempts has been the recent Design-Build phenomenon (which also falls into the first category mentioned here too). Another has been a consideration of Public/Private projects and there merits. Author Kristian Widà ©n indicated that two solutions to the current crisis in the industry would centre on more of a specificity and delineating of all expectations from the client/owner toward the contractor(s). Additionally, Widà ©n indicated that long-lasting communication lines need to be established. Rather than the head of a contractor (or crew) simply popping in, as it were, to the job sites on rare occasion there should be much more of a long-term rapport established among all major individuals involved in a given project. As Edward Fisk and Wayne Reynolds concur, they write that the partnering concept needs to be revamped today as a means of creating a general environs where in all parties would work together toward the common goal of efficient and good completion of the project. Partnering is not a contract, but a recognition that every contract includes an implied covenant of good faith. While the contract establishes the legal relationships, the Partnering process is designed to establish working relationships among the parties through a mutually developed, formal strategy of commitment and communication. So, in this concept there is embedded several important ideas addressing current concerns raised by Widà ©n et al. First, there is a recognition of this good faith relationship and it is only as strong as each partys commitment to it. It is mutuall y developed, the authors say. It is interesting to note that though Fisk and Reynolds are very quick to point out that it is not a contract nor meant to replace the all-importance of the contract, nevertheless this partnering has a strategy which is formal. And again, it necessarily involves commitment and communication of all German parties. This suggestion would seem to be a much improved model today which is very casual among all parties involved (which could include client, general contractor, various sub-contractors, various crew leaders, and assistants to all of these individuals). There seem to be far too many parties involved in an already complicated process to have it be any other way than the model suggested by Fisk and Reynolds. Construction, surveying and property are overrun with a sense of the casual in the various professional relations among the parties. The fact that many aspects of the overall process like change orders or work to be done and the merely o ral contracts existing between sub-contractors and their crews are enough to establish the casual nature of much of the overall construction process. The Design-Build phenomenon of recent years has been an attempt at solving some of the systemic problems in the construction process and has simultaneously offered itself as a means of achieving innovation in the industry. The solution to some of the communication problems associated with contemporary construction is attempted to be solved by the Design-Build approach by eliminating, not middle men, but lines of separation between many of the key players. For example, a typical Design-Build firm can have altogether under one roof and working for the same company the contractor, engineer, and architect effectively providing an owner with a one-stop point of contact to design and build a proposed construction project. This one-stop place necessarily increases efficiency and the speed at which a project may be completed, especial ly when all of these individuals are truly under one roof (i.e., they are all employees or closely connected with the construction firm, rather than merely being distant consultants). However, a weakness of the Design-Build approach has been seen in its difficulty, at times, in dealing with governmental clients. Jeffrey Beard et al. note just such a case having to do with legalities burdening the process of pay to Design-Build firms. For at least this reason, the establishment of attempts by the U.S. government, to use an example, have been offered as private/public efforts at spearheading the way into the future of home and commercial building. One such program, which was instrumental in the publication of the two pieces of research by the U.S. Department of Housing listed in the bibliography for this report, is known by the acronym PATH (Partnership for Advanced Technology in Housing). It is noted explicitly in the report Commercialization of Innovations: Lessons Learned t hat public and private must together share the burden of the risk of innovation if the building sectors of industry are to avoid the dampening effects of litigation. Concluding Thoughts In whatever ways private industry is unable, on its own (despite the recent noble attempts of Design-Build, etc.) to follow the Commercialization of Innovations reports objectives, it is to be hoped that a union of private/public building schemes will be able to, as the report states, expedite the commercialization of innovation. It does seem clear that major attempts at bringing to the construction industry (and all closely related industries) long-lasting innovation is long overdue. In fact, as it was alluded-to earlier in this paper, what is needed is an entire culture that supports the advocacy and actual implementation of innovation. With any fortune and hard-work (both of which entailing implementation) of all or some of the recent initiatives and advisements indicated in this report, it seems that the construction industry might at long last engage in genuine aspects of competitive business, including long-term benchmarking and an overall culture of innovation.

An Assessment of Community Health Needs - 618 Words

Community There are two basic types of community: community that is defined by geography, and community that is defined by trans-geographic variables. An example of community that is defined by geography would be a neighborhood or residential area. Houses clustered together share a common space. The local economy with local businesses is also considered to be a part of the neighborhood community. Members of the community are stakeholders in the health of the community, and have shared interest in the common spaces in the neighborhood. Some communities are not bound at all by geography. These types of community transcend geography with variables such as lifestyle, religion, worldview, or ethnicity. The community that transcends geographic boundaries can be comprised of a large, or even dominant, culture. Or, the community can be a subordinate or subculture. A person can therefore be a member of more than one community at the same time; most individuals are in fact members of more than one community including the community defined by neighborhood or geography. Therefore, all types of communities have some sort of shared interest or shared resources. A community can be defined by something loose like the practice of skateboarding. Or, a community can be defined by a comprehensive worldview, as with religious communities. Some communities coalesce around shared ethnic heritage or group identities, which may or may not inform other aspects of an individuals life such asShow MoreRelatedThe Community Health Needs Assessment Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesAMT2 Service Line Development Task 2 Echo Breen A. Analyze the community health needs assessment in the case study by doing the following: A1. Discuss major risk factors identified in the assessment. 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Irony is the gaiety of reflection and the joy of w Essay Example For Students

Irony is the gaiety of reflection and the joy of w Essay isdom. Anatole FranceIts like rain on your wedding day;its a free ride when youve already paid;its the good advice you just didnt take;and who wouldve thought it figured?Its a traffic jam when youre already late,a no smoking sign on your cigarette break;its like 10,000 spoons when all you need is a knife;its meeting the man of your dreams, and meeting his beautiful wife. The subject of irony has always been an extremely opinionated debate in itself; with the come of this song, Ironic, by Alanis Morisette, the arguments rage on. Some say the above are just instances of bad luck, things you wouldnt want to happen to you; others say these are true instances of irony. Irony is technically defined as an event or result that is the opposite of what is expected (Websters New World Dictionary 314). The Once and Future King by T.H. White delineates many illustrations of irony. Love, innocence, and power are readily apparent themes portrayed throughout the book, and White has been able to weave his opinion of irony into many happenings. An example of irony raised by White involves the question, Does your mother love you? Do you believe your mother loves you? Most firmly believe so. Would you still love your mother if she didnt love you? Hopefully. But mammy didnt give her children a second loving thought. She ignored her only children; she was jealous of her only children; she beat her only children for doing something she wasnt able to do (White 263). And yet they still loved her unconditionally. They loved her, obeyed her, protected her, avenged her family (White 219). Wouldnt you consider it ironic that this role-reversal has taken place? Normally, it is the child breaking away from the mother; the mother holds onto her dear, sweet children. Rather, White has the dear, sweet children holding onto their breakaway mother. One wouldnt expect the children to love their abusive mother. Yet, the feelings the children tell of and the respect they show to their mother proves their love. But!those who love are not always so innocent. Do innocent children go around killing birds? No. But, Kay was an innocent boy. Only the innocent were able to capture unicorns (White 258); only the innocent were able to enter fairies castles (White 103). Kay was able to accomplish both of these tasks. Yet, Kay was also a bird-killer. Kay walked late into his lesson with Wart and Archimedes, only to find them discussing how wonderful the birds of nature were (White 160). Kay was late due to killing a few small birds. Two examples of irony are apparent from this situation. First, it is ironic that Kay is called an innocent boy while killing birds. Second, there is irony in the conversation engaged in by Wart and Archimedes and the timing of Kays entrance. One wouldnt expect Kay to state that he was late because of killing some birds while his peer and teacher are discussing the wonderfulness of birds. Was Kay really all that innocent after all? Probably not. And how much power do the innocent really have? Power is everything. Power over pleasure, power over love, power over the mind. Or is it the mind? When Arthur was a child, he had been taught that might is right, that power was all that existed. (White 52). He grew up believing this, that feelings didnt matter in life, that feelings were just stumbling blocks. But as he became older, Arthur realized that his early teachings were illogical. He began thinking that power wasnt necessarily everything, that just because you could do something didnt mean that you should (White 246). The never-ending controversy between ability and obligation entered his mind and he took action upon his rightful thoughts: the mind controls the body, the power; without the mind, there would be no power. This change in Arthurs mentality is ironic. When one is a young child, what is taught to them during that impressionable time usually sticks with them through adulthood. They will mo!st often live with and by those early teachings. Still, Arthur seemed, once again, to be going against what was

The oppression and seclusion of Muslim women

For many years, people have reckoned Islam. This is mainly because of its strict and inflexible laws. Islam, which relies on Sharia laws, revolves around relationships. Sharia laws define relationships between God and man, and between human beings. Islamic laws, which have been in existence for the last 14,000 years, define the expected behavior of Muslims, the relationships between them and other human beings, and their duties to God.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The oppression and seclusion of Muslim women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, these laws tend to favor men as compared to women. This has led to the oppression and seclusion of women (Abou El Fadl 2001).1 However, advancement in technology and globalization among other factors are essential to Muslim women. These channels give the Muslim women a platform to voice their opinions. With time, these women are gaining more opportunities to air th eir opinions. Today, Muslim women in the Arab world and in Western countries can comfortably raise issues on matters concerning them. Marriage has been among the key issues affecting Muslim women. These women have been participating in debates in order to voice their opinions on issues of marriage arrangements, procedures, expectations, rights, and roles among other issues. This paper analyzes the issue of marriage and its importance to Islamic women. It considers the views of several authors of Islamic texts on this issue. Just like in other religions, marriage is very important in Islam. Islam dictates that marriage should only happen between two Muslims, who are of opposite sexes. The man pays for the bride’s dowry and then the marriage rituals take place. After marriage, they both take their roles while conforming to the Sharia law. The man bears full authority over his wife and has a duty of providing to the wife, whose duty is to serve the husband. Islam allows men to m arry more than one wife. However, it restricts a woman to only one husband. Marriage is important to Muslim women as it affects them. After all, they have to get married at one point of their lives. Marriage is important to Islamic women as the Islamic laws recommend it. Issues concerning marriage include the expected roles of women, divorce, and duties of husbands among other issues. Women need to understand issues of marriage to know how to go about their marriage issues. They have to know how to be good wives, mothers, and daughter-in-laws. Further, they have to know how to manage their homes effectively. Therefore, women have to understand all issues surrounding marriage in Islam in order to enjoy prosperous marriages. Kecia Ali, an author of Islamic texts, focuses on the laws that govern marriage institutions in Islam. She addresses the issues of dowry payments, marriage, slavery, and the role of women in marriage. According to her, women have rights to express their views on m arriage. She acknowledges the fact that Muslim women have sexual needs and desires, which are not considered. Further, she addresses the issue of oppression of women in Islam (Ali 2010). 2Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In her work, Kecia portrays the Islamic man as being superior to the Islamic women. She brings out the issues of sex and ethics expected in Islamic marriage institutions. She shows how these issues favor men over women. Kecia considers the man as the ultimate source of authority in a marriage. She shows this by writing that men act as the segmenting factors in marriages. According to her, the man has a responsibility of fending for his family, protecting his family, and guarding the virtue of his wife/wives (Ali 2006).3 Islam, gender, and social change, a book by Yvonne Haddad and John Esposito addresses the issues of modernity that have an impact on Islamic laws of marriage. They show how the world views Islamic women and proceed to give their concept of women in Islam. They document that religious scriptures guide the roles of Islamic women. According to them, the Quran and Sharia laws provide parameters on the behavior of the men and women in marriage institutions. They acknowledge the fact that Islam is a male dominated religion and culture. They attribute this to the fact that features of women are indecent. Based on this, Muslim women should not expose their bodies or even their voices (Haddad and John 1997).4 These writers portray God as the source of authority in Islam. According to them, Muslim men only follow Gods law, which gives them dominance over women. They clarify that the Holy Quran is specific on the rights of women. Abdul-Aziz in her article, â€Å"crisis of male epistemology in Islamic jurisprudence†, explains the issues facing Islamic women. She uses the Islamic jury system to explain her position on this iss ue. She documents that in Islam women face segregation and seclusion. She writes that men manipulate the laws to work in their favor. In her article, she attributes the source of power in Islam to God. She uses the example of Prophet Muhammad’s family to explain this. She writes that during the prophet’s time men and women had full access to the laws. The mantle of handling women related issues rested on women. For instance, Aisha, the prophet’s wife was responsible for handling issues related to women (Sachedina n.d). 5 Abdul-Aziz is of the opinion that Muslim women have equal rights to men. For example, as parents, sister, brothers, and as relatives the two genders are equal. Therefore, God is the ultimate source of power.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The oppression and seclusion of Muslim women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All the articles portray several similarities and differenc es in terms of the way the articles relate to the Islamic teachings. All the three writers acknowledge the authority of God in Islam. Islamic religious doctrines and laws clearly state that God is the overall authority in the world. The writers acknowledge God’s power by writing that humankind follows the rules that God put in place. However, the ideas of these authors vary. Each author has a different approach regarding hierarchy of authority in Islam. Some of the authors argue that men are second to God while others are of the opinion that the position of the two is level. For instance, Kecia is of the opinion that men are superior to women. Abdul-Aziz and Yvonne attribute all power to God. These authors agree that men and women have equal rights. According to Islamic doctrines, man and woman are equal to God. Since men are unfamiliar with issues affecting women, they should allow women to handle issues affecting them. This will ensure more content and happy women. Referenc e List Ali, Kecia. Marriage and Slavery in Early Islam. Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2010. —. Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur’an, Hadith and Jurisprudence. London: Oneworld, 2006. Abou El Fadl, Khaled. Speaking in God’s Name: Islamic Law, Authority and Women. London: Oneworld, 2001. Haddad, Yvonne and John Esposito (Ed). Islam, Gender, and Social Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sachedina, Abdulaziz. Crisis of Male Epistemology in Islamic Jurisprudence. n.d. https://www.virginia.edu/. Footnotes 1 Khaled Abou El Fadl,Speaking in God’s Name: Islamic Law, Authority and Women. (London: Oneworld, 2001) 384. 2 Kecia Ali, Marriage and Slavery in Early Islam (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2010), 272. 3 Kecia Ali, Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur’an, Hadith and Jurisprudence (London: Oneworld, 2006), 142. 4 Yvonne Haddad and John Esposito (Ed), Islam, Gender, and Social Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), 288. 5 Abdulaziz Sachedina, Crisis of Male Epistemology in Islamic Jurisprudence. This essay on The oppression and seclusion of Muslim women was written and submitted by user Moira MacTaggert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.